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<doi>MS-09-134-cd</doi>

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<article-title> Frequency comparison of the pulse-like and non-pulse ground motions</article-title>
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<author>G. Chen<sup>1,2</sup>, Y. Liu<sup>2</sup>, and M. Beer<sup>1,3,4</sup></author>

<aff><sup>1</sup>Institute for Risk and Reliability, Leibniz Universit&#228;t Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany</aff>

<aff><sup>2</sup>State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Institute of Engineering Risk and Disaster, Prevention, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.</aff>

<aff><sup>3</sup>Institute for Risk and Uncertainty and School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, Liverpool L69 7ZF, UK</aff>

<aff><sup>4</sup>International Joint Research Center for Engineering Reliability and Stochastic Mechanics, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China</aff>

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<title>ABSTRACT</title>
<p></p><p>As one of the essential parameters, the ground motion frequency is of significance for earthquake engineering and seismology. Pulselike ground motions attract increasing attention since it potentially causes severer damage to structures than ordinary ground motion. However, compared with the lots of researches on the time domain, few studies consider the frequency-domain characteristics of pulselike ground motion. Hence, this study attempts to analyze the frequency-domain feature of pulse-like ground motion. Furthermore, owing to the limitation of the Fourier transform on the time-frequency conversion of the non-stationary signals, the frequency-domain characteristics of ground motions are analyzed using thewavelet packet transform. The frequency&#45;domain differences between pulse&#45;like and non-pulse ground motions are compared using recorded and simulated ground motions. The results show that the energy &#40;5%-75%&#41; of pulse&#45;like ground motions concentrates on a shorter frequency band than non-pulse ground motion. Moreover, the cumulative energy of pulse-like ground motion is about twice times of non-pulse ground motion in 0 &#45; 1 Hz, even when the pulse-like and non&#45;pulse ground motion is compatible with the same target spectrum. The non-pulse ground motion, by contrast, has more energies at greater than 10 Hz. Hence, the pulse&#45;like ground motion with high energy in the 0 &#45; 1 Hz potentially causes severer damage to structures, for which the fundamental frequency is less than 1 Hz. The effects of the frequency-domain feature on structural safety will be carried out in further study using non&#45;linear time history analysis.</p><p><italic> Keywords:</italic>pulse-like ground motion; spectrum compatibility; frequency; wavelet transform; near&#45;fault earthquake </p></abstract>
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