Proceedings of the
9th International Symposium for Geotechnical Safety and Risk (ISGSR)
25 – 28 August 2025, Oslo, Norway
Editors: Zhongqiang Liu, Jian Dai and Kate Robinson

Sea Level Rise Effects on Earthquake-Induced Soil Liquefaction

Meera L. Kotaa, Scott J. Brandenbergb, Margit Maplec and Timu Galliend

Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 5731 Boelter Hall, USA.

ameerakota@g.ucla.edu

bsjbrandenberg@g.ucla.edu

cmargitmaple@gmail.com

dtgallien@seas.ucla.edu

ABSTRACT

This paperpresents probabilistic liquefaction hazard analysis (PLHA)results for groundwater conditions associated with different sea level rise scenarios at an example site in southern California.Finite element simulations model groundwater conditions for various sea level rise scenarios, and the subsequent pore pressures are then used in a PLHA framework to compute the annual down-crossing rate of factor of safety. Two meters of sea level rise is found to cause a 4-fold increase in the annual probability of liquefaction triggering.

Keywords: Liquefaction, Sea level rise, Seismic hazard, Groundwater simulations, Probabilistic analysis, Climate change.


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