Green Hydrogen Production and Storage: A Review of Safety Standards and Guidelines with a focus on Safety Instrumented System Applications

In response to global climate change and the energy crisis, the need for decarbonization is becoming increasingly important for many countries, including Singapore. The transition to a zero-carbon society relies on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Hydrogen, a clean energy source with relatively high specific energy, has received significant attention in recent years. However, ensuring the safety of hydrogen production and storage is crucial for its widespread adoption. This paper conducts a literature review of hydrogen safety standards and notable incidents, focusing on applying safety instrumented systems to avoid a catastrophic hydrogen disaster. Based on the findings, the paper will discuss the challenges and make recommendations to enhance hydrogen safety, including compliance with international safety standards, establishing risk assessment programs, and regulations and guidelines for safe hydrogen handling and storage. Hydrogen can become an alternative fuel for sustainable development with appropriate safety measures.

Keywords: Hydrogen safety, Hydrogen production, Hydrogen storage, Functional safety, Safety instrumented systems.

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