Enhancing Railways with Industry 4.0: AI-Driven Human-Machine Collaboration and Risk Management

Industry 4.0, based on Human-Machine Interaction (HMI), represents the evolving collaboration between humans and intelligent systems within advanced industrial environments. In the last years new technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning, thanks to the spread of robotics, have enhanced productivity and have enabled smart-decision making. The effects of these new technologies are improvements in safety and efficiency, but on the other hand, they have brought some questions about security and ergonomics. In this paper, the authors want to examine the Industry 4.0 technologies in the railway world. It is interesting to focus on the application of artificial intelligence that can bring productivity improvements. Nowadays this is primarily accomplished by the application of AI to the technical rail system's operation, traffic control, diagnostics, upkeep, and modification. These productivity gains are only possible if tasks are completed correctly or more effectively in compliance with current laws. AI can therefore alter the conventional evolutionary management of railway laws, which tends to grow gradually in response to occurrences, accidents, and dangers encountered. Furthermore, AI can assist with management. Some layers of AI are used in this paper's integrated enterprise risk management framework and methodology for the future railway, which promotes organizational learning and continual improvement. A survey of the literature found in databases for regulations, standards, and scientific papers serves as the deductive foundation for the applied approach.

Keywords: Railways, Safety, AI, Detection, Maintenance, Machine learning.