Multi-Layer Conceptual Framework for Multi-Dimensional Interdependencies in Critical Infrastructure Systems

Critical infrastructure systems, such as water and energy systems, are fundamental to support our daily lives, yet their complexity and dynamic nature present significant challenges for analysis and modeling. Traditional approaches often fail to capture the multi-dimensional interdependencies that evolve over time across various infrastructure types. To address this gap, this paper introduces the Multi-Layer Conceptual Framework, which provides a new perspective for analyzing and modeling interdependent infrastructure systems. The model distinguishes interdependencies based on the infrastructure types (water, energy, transport), contextual layer (technical, institutional, and societal), and analysis time frame (short, mid, and long term). The framework enables the identification of cross-layer interactions, co-evolution patterns, and emergent behaviors within and across infrastructure systems. The model's applicability is demonstrated through a case study on energy transition, which demonstrates how the framework is used in the problem of new energy source deployment, considering the social attitude toward different alternative sources of energy, impact on the new policies, and technological development.

Keywords: Infrastructure, Systems, Interdependency, Interconnectedness, Modeling.