<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet href="client.xsl" type="text/xsl"?>
<article article-type="other">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id/>
<issn/>
<banner>
<href>banner.jpg</href>
<size width="100%"/>
</banner>
</journal-meta>
<doi>0970-cd</doi>
<article-meta>
<title-group>
<article-title>Simulation-Based Goal Tree Success Tree for the Risk Analysis of Cyber-Physical Systems</article-title>
</title-group>

<author>Francesco Di Maio<sup>1,a</sup>, Roberto Mascherona<sup>2</sup>, Wei Wang<sup>1,b</sup> and Enrico Zio<sup>1,2,3,c</sup></author>

<aff><sup>1</sup>Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 34, Milano, Italy</aff>

<email><a href="mailto:francesco.dimaio@polimi.it"><sup>a</sup>francesco.dimaio@polimi.it</a></email>

<email><a href="mailto:wei.wang@polimi.it"><sup>b</sup>wei.wang@polimi.it</a></email>

<aff><sup>2</sup>Aramis Srl, Milano, Italy</aff>

<aff><sup>3</sup>MINES ParisTech / PSL Universit&#233; Paris, Centre de Recherche sur les Risques et les Crises (CRC), Sophia Antipolis, France<br/> Eminent Scholar, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Kyung Hee University</aff>

<email><a href="mailto:enrico.zio@polimi.it"><sup>c</sup>enrico.zio@polimi.it</a></email>

</article-meta></front>
<body>
<abstract>
<title>ABSTRACT</title>
<p>Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) can be subjected to random failures of hardware components and to intentional breaches in cyber components. In a previous paper, the authors have proposed the Goal Tree Success Tree Master Logic Diagram (GTST-MLD) as a framework to jointly treat these aspects in the risk analysis of CPSs. In this work, a simulation-based method is proposed to assign the values of the weights of the GTST-MLD.<br/>
An application is carried out considering the digital Instrumentation and Control (I&amp;C) system of the Advanced Lead-cooled Fast Reactor European Demonstrator (ALFRED)). A number of simulations are run for different types of cyber attacks at random times and magnitudes, and the critical parameters of different failure scenarios are collected, and properly manipulated to estimate the weights of the GTST-MLD.</p>
<p><italic>Keywords: </italic>Risk analysis, Cyber-Physical System, Goal Tree Success Tree Master Logic Diagram, Weights inference, Simulation, Advanced Lead-cooled Fast Reactor European Demonstrator.</p>
</abstract>
<fpdf>
<href>pdflogo.jpg</href>
<hpdf>0970</hpdf>
</fpdf>
</body>
</article>