This article examines the resistance of surface treatments on steel structures exposed to thermal loads. Thermal load may be caused, for example, by heat from technological processes or fire. The surface coatings used in this study were anticorrosive coatings designed for steel structures in buildings. Several types of coatings were used, specifically, one-component, two-component, mono-layer and double-layer coatings (undercoat and topcoat). The surface coatings were applied in black and white color. Coatings were first applied to test elements and then allowed to dry naturally. The test elements were then exposed to a thermal load. In our case, the radiation component was gradually elected for thermal load. During the experiment, measurements of the thermal field, especially temperatures and heat flux in the area, were recorded. The dependence of heat distribution during interaction with the surroundings on tested elements with different thicknesses was monitored. The effects of thermal exposure on individual surface coatings were monitored and evaluated. The black color had higher temperatures than the white color. As the thermal load gradually progressed, the integrity and functionality of the surface coatings were compromised. The level of thermal load on steel constructions was indicated by the range in degree of damage to the coating.