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<doi>0333-cd</doi>
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<article-title>State-based Availability Analysis of hard- and Software Architectures using Monte Carlo Simulation under Consideration of Different Failure modes and Degradation Models</article-title>
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<author>Johannes Heinrich<sup>1,a</sup>, Julian-Steffen M&#252;ller<sup>2,d</sup>, Fabian Plinke<sup>1,b</sup>, Timo Frederik Horeis<sup>1,c</sup> and Hendrik Decke<sup>2,e</sup></author>

<aff><sup>1</sup>Institute for Quality- and Reliabilitymanagement GmbH, Germany</aff>
<email><a href="mailto:lorenzo.comberti@polito.it"><sup>a</sup>heinrich@iqz-wuppertal.de</a></email>
<email><a href="mailto:plinke@iqz-wuppertal.de"><sup>b</sup>plinke@iqz-wuppertal.de</a></email>
<email><a href="mailto:plinke@iqz-wuppertal.de"><sup>c</sup>plinke@iqz-wuppertal.de</a></email>
<aff><sup>2</sup>Volkswagen AG, Germany</aff>
<email><a href="mailto:julian-steffen.mueller@volkswagen.de"><sup>d</sup>julian-steffen.mueller@volkswagen.de</a></email>
<email><a href="mailto:hendrik.decke@volkswagen.de"><sup>e</sup>hendrik.decke@volkswagen.de</a></email>
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<title>ABSTRACT</title>
<p>Automated driving functions, which exclude the driver entirely from the control loop (Conditional Automation and upwards), must fulfill very high requirements regarding the availability and safety for the functional operation. Consequently, system architectures must be designed with a fail-operational design instead of a fail-safe design. This ensures a safe operation of the driving function during the occurrences of failures. Therefore, system architectures with a technical and economically suitable redundancy concept must be used. This includes, e.g. dynamic operations for switching hard- and software components to maintain a Monitor-Control-Principle and thus ensure a safe operation. For the assessment of dynamic system structures, considering different components (hard- and software), a model has been developed and will be presented in this paper. A state-based Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS), using reliability block diagrams (RBD) and derived state diagrams, is implemented to assess the system&#39;s availability, reliability and safety.</p>
<p><italic>Keywords: </italic>Monte Carlo Simulation, Automated driving, Reliability block diagram, State diagram, Software failure, Safety, Availability, Reliability.</p>
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