Critical infrastructure systems such as power, gas, water, and telecommunications, are constantly exposed to natural and anthropogenic hazards, which combined with their expanding demands and high interdependency, increase their vulnerability and exacerbate human and economic losses. Thus, public and private stake-holders are giving priority to studying such critical interdependent systems, in order to improve their ability to withstand a hazard, contain its damage, and return to adequate performance levels. In order to determine the optimal recovery strategy of a partially destroyed system of interdependent networks, we have proposed the Interdependent Network Design Problem (INDP), concerned with finding the minimum-cost reconstruction strategy, while considering realistic operational constraints. In this paper, we propose novel analytical and computational methodologies that expand on the INDP capabilities, to perform analyses beyond the reconstruction of damaged systems of networks. In particular, we show how the proposed models can be extended to also study and optimize preparedness and retrofitting strategies, considering limited budget and resources. Moreover, this paper shows how the INDP models can be used to evaluate and quantify the tradeoffs between pre- and post-event decisions, their associated resource utilization, and their impact on the overall resilience of systems of interdependent networks.