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<journal-id>International Journal of Aerospace and Lightweight Structures</journal-id>
<publication_date>2014</publication_date>
<volume>3</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
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<doi>10.3850/S2010428614000087</doi>
<article-title>Numerical Analysis of Air Flow Past the 2415-3S Airfoil for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with Internal Propulsion System</article-title>
</title-group>

<author>Luis Velazquez-Araque<sup>1,a</sup>, Luis D. Mendoza<sup>1</sup>, Ji&#345;i No&#382;i&#265;ka<sup>2</sup> and Jesus Casanova<sup>3</sup></author>

<author-citation>Sulbhewar, Litesh N.; Raveendranath, P.</author-citation>

<aff><sup>1</sup>Laboratory of Aerodynamics, National University of Tachira, Av.Universidad, Paramillo, San Cristobal, Tachira, 5001, Venezuela.</aff>

<email><a href="mailto:luis.velazquez@unet.edu.ve"><sup>a</sup>luis.velazquez@unet.edu.ve</a></email>

<aff><sup>2</sup>Department of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 4, Praha 6, Prague, 16607, Czech Republic.</aff>

<email><a href="mailto:jiri.nozicka@fs.cvut.cz">jiri.nozicka@fs.cvut.cz</a></email>

<aff><sup>3</sup>Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engines, Universidad Polit&#233;cnica de Madrid, Calle Ramiro de Maeztu, 7, 28040, Madrid, 16607, Spain.</aff>

<email><a href="mailto:jesus.casanova@upm.es">jesus.casanova@upm.es</a></email>

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<abstract>
<title>ABSTRACT</title>
<p>This paper deals with the prediction of pressure and velocity fields on the 2415-3S airfoil
which will be used for and unmanned aerial vehicle with internal propulsion system and in
this way analyze the air flow through an internal duct of the airfoil using computational
fluid dynamics. The main objective is to evaluate the effect of the internal air flow
past the airfoil and how this affects the aerodynamic performance by means of lift and
drag forces. For this purpose, three different designs of the internal duct were studied;
starting from the base 2415-3S airfoil developed in previous investigation, basing on
the hypothesis of decreasing the flow separation produced when the propulsive airflow
merges the external flow, and in this way obtaining the best configuration. For that
purpose, an exhaustive study of the mesh sensitivity was performed. It was used a non-
structured mesh since the computational domain is tridimensional and complex. The
selected mesh contains approximately 12.5 million elements. Both the computational
domain and the numerical solution were made with commercial CAD and CFD software
respectively. Air, incompressible and steady was analyzed. The boundary conditions are
in concordance with experimental setup in the AF 6109 wind tunnel. The k-&#949; model is
utilized to describe the turbulent flow process as followed in references. Results allowed
obtaining pressure and velocity contours as well as lift and drag coefficients and also the
location of separation and reattachment regions in some cases for zero degrees of angle
of attack on the internal and external surfaces of the airfoil. Finally, the selection of the
configuration with the best aerodynamic performance was made, selecting the option
without curved baffles.</p>


<p><italic>Keywords: </italic>Airfoil, Streamlines, Aerodynamics.</p>
</abstract>
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