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doi:10.3850/978-981-08-7724-8_09-01
Ignition of Bulk Solid Materials by Localised Hotspots
P.J. Caine1,a, S.J. Puttick1, J. Brindley2, A.C. McIntosh3 and J.F. Griffiths4
1Syngenta, Leeds Road, Huddersfield HD2 1FF, UK.
apeter.caine@syngenta.com
2Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
3Department of Fuel and Energy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
4Department of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
ABSTRACT
Thermal decomposition of combustible bulk powders poses a risk in the process and allied industries in operations, storage and transport. Testing for storage and transport is well developed in establishing maximum possible pack sizes and safe ambient temperatures. However, current UN and EU tests are concerned with the maximum acceptable temperature for the whole bulk of the material, and do not consider the propagation from a hotspot (UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, and BS EN 15188) [1, 2].
This paper details a brief review of the experimental work previously performed on smouldering ignition/combustion initiated by a localised heat source and the subsequent development of a small scale screening test which has been used to determine the ignition/combustion characteristics for various bulk solid materials. The results presented complement work undertaken by Brindley et al. [3] to predict the ignition of weakly reactive solids by nearby heating sources via computational methods, and will also be used to assess the suitability of the small scale screening test; to be used as part of the thermal hazard assessment process to detect materials susceptible to this type of behaviour.
Keywords: Hotspot, Smouldering, Decomposition.
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